Healing Herbs
Problems Cannot be solved at the same level of awareness that created them
- Albert Einsten
Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food - Hippocrates
A note of caution: this information is provided for informational purposes only. IBD is a serious illness and if you have no prior experience with herbs I STRONGLY suggest that you consult a certified herbalist for help. It is also advised that you tell your doctor if you are using herbal remedies as some remedies may interact negatively with prescription drugs that you may be taking.
If you want to know more about how to use these herbs see Using Herbs. To see Lyrae's complete list of medicinal herbs from which this list came then go to Lyrae's Herb & Garden Pages, banner also at bottom.
A note of caution: this information is provided for informational purposes only. IBD is a serious illness and if you have no prior experience with herbs I STRONGLY suggest that you consult a certified herbalist for help. It is also advised that you tell your doctor if you are using herbal remedies as some remedies may interact negatively with prescription drugs that you may be taking.
If you want to know more about how to use these herbs see Using Herbs. To see Lyrae's complete list of medicinal herbs from which this list came then go to Lyrae's Herb & Garden Pages, banner also at bottom.
Agrimony
Agrimonia eupatoria AKA Sticklewort. Use internally for anemia and digestive troubles, promotes assimilation of food, use for diseases of the blood, digestive disorders, colitis, food allergies, diarrhea, incontinence, cystitis, pimples, skin disorders. Also for chronic gallbladder problems resulting in excess stomach acidity. Use a decoction of root and leaves sweetened with honey for fevers, coughs. Use in salve or external wash for slow healing wounds, varicose veins and to staunch bleeding.
Contradictions: Not given to patients with stress related constipation.
Instructions: Can use whole plant, leaves, flowers, roots, etc. Use 1tsp to 1/4L boiling water. Use in infusion, decoction (1-2 tbsp every 4-6 hours) or as a tincture (1/4 -1/2 tsp at a time)
Properties: Astringent, alterative, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, tonic, diuretic.
Harvesting: Grows to 80cm in fields, woods and paths in sunny, dry, alkaline areas. Sow in spring, gather in June-Aug. when in flower but avoid flowers with spiny burs.
Alfalfa
I have added this herb as a caution, while it is very nutritious; a blood purifier, cleanses kidneys, and removes poisons from the body, and is useful for arthritis, allergies, neutralizing acid in the stomach, and aids in the assimilation of protein, Ca and other nutrients. It is not recommended for those with auto-immune diseases. IBD is an auto-immune disease, see Immune System for more.
Contradictions: .Don't use if have or are prone to getting lupus or other auto-immune disorders.
Allheal
AKA Selfheal, woundwort. Prunella vulgaris/ lanceolata. Used in medieval times to treat throat conditions and internal bleeding, now used primarily as a wound herb, checks bleeding & promotes healing for first aid, sores, wounds, burns, as well as mouth inflammations. Also useful for lowering fever and blood pressure, and as an astringent for hemorrhage and diarrhea. Encourages stubborn rashes to surface and heal. Use to clear stomach of heat, used for vomiting in Chinese medicine. Active against a wide range of pathogens including E. Coli. Useful in a cream or salve against herpes 1 and 2. Flowers are used for hyperactivity in children and are also useful for those who have lost the belief in their own capacity to get well, and may be helpful for headaches as well.
Instructions: Use leaves, stems and flowers in salve, infusion, poultice or tincture.
Properties: Astringent, antiinflamatory, anti-pathogenic, antiviral, bitter tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary, styptic, antispasmodic, diuretic.
Harvesting: P. lanceolata is native to BC, P. vulgaris is introduced. Low growing perennial herb with slender, creeping rootstock, to 1-3’ high on square, slightly hairy stems. Blooms May-Oct with purple flowers in dense terminal spikes with only a few in bloom at a time. Common in open woods, lawns, roadsides, grasslands, streambanks etc. Plant by seed in late summer or early spring in average soil in full sun or partial shade, frost tolerant, attracts butterflies.
Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera Used for internal and external healing of wounds, stops bleedings, especially those of large intestine. Soothing for digestive tract irritation, colitis and peptic ulcers, and facilitates digestion; contains anti-inflammatory fatty acids for stomach, small intestine, and colon. Mild, safe purgative, it cleanses the body, allowing it to heal. Use externally for burns and sunburns, as well as on acne and eczema. Contains enzymes which stop pain, reduce inflammation and promote healing by increasing the blood flow to damaged tissues; also relieves itching. Follow treatment with use of vitamin E to help prevent scarring.
Instructions: Gel from leaves is used internally and externally. Can purchase or make own gel by processing aloe (remove outer skin) with 500 units vitamin C powder per cup of gel, store in fridge.
Properties: 4% active ingredients including: essential oils, amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, minerals and glycoproteins and 96% water. Sedative, tonic, antifungal, safe purgative
Harvesting: Grown indoors only, seldom blooms indoors as it will outdoors in warmer climates. Needs sunny and arid conditions, feed only when in growth. May summer outdoors when weather turns very warm (late July) Harvest as needed.
Angelica
Angelica archangelica Used to relieve flatulence, good bitters, thus useful for enhancing appetite, assimilation, digestion and elimination, helps boost the immune system and remove poisons from the body, especially the liver and spleen. Use for stomach upset, heartburn, gas, colic, colds & fever, gastric ulcers, anorexia, and with yarrow for bronchitis, influenza, and excess mucus. Calms digestive disturbances, nerves and tension and eases chronic fatigue and menstrual problems. Can candy the stems for a tasty treat. The roots can be dug up the first year for eating.
Contradictions: Not given to pregnant women or those with diabetes.
Instructions: Use whole herb in infusion, 1 tsp crushed seeds to ½ cup boiling water, take every 4-6 hours as needed. Use root in decoction, 1 tsp to ¾ cup cold water, let stand 8-10 hours, strain and take 1 - 1 ½ cups a day.
Properties: Aromatic stimulant, expectorant, bitters, carminative.
Harvesting: Strongest when in fruit as medicinal properties are concentrated in the seeds. Harvest roots just before flowering and dry slowly. Biennial lives only 2-3 years if flowerheads are not removed. Grows best in light, rich soil in partial shade. Sow seed in place late summer or pre-chill in fridge for a few weeks before sowing in spring.
Anise
Pimpinella anisum AKA aniseed. Used for abdominal spasms, colic, nausea, indigestion, asthma, coughs and to prevent the fermentation of gas in stomach and intestines. An aid for stomach upset caused by overeating. Licorice- flavored leaves used in soups and stews, seeds used to flavor cough syrups. May be used as an aid to childbirth and to increase milk secretion.
Contradictions: Don’t take more than 3 weeks, may slow metabolism.
Instructions: Use seeds and leaves in the kitchen or as infusions.
Properties: Emmenagogue, estrogen-like properties, antispasmodic.
Harvesting: Annual zones 3-10, start in peat pots (doesn’t transplant well) 10 weeks before last frost in cooler regions. Water well. Provide support.
Astragalus
Used to improve immune system and resistance to infection, bacteria and viruses; it has been shown to increase the production of white blood spells, especially macrophages and T-cells, but also enhances the production of red blood cells. It has also be used to suppress tumors, speed metabolism and improve digestion, increase energy and promote tissue regeneration. It is used for blood abnormalities related to excessive bleeding, as well as for poor appetite, general weakness, and ulcers, shortness of breath. An excellent adaptogen that helps to normalize body function no matter what the condition/disease. Excellent for those on chemotherapy and radiation because of its influence on white blood cells and also because it helps to mitigate gastrointestinal poisoning. Protects and enhances the function of distressed organs, enhances recovery following illness, protects liver from toxic compounds. Powerful antiviral properties. May also improve sperm count and motility.
Contradictions: Don’t take for prolonged periods of time.
Instructions: Use in decoction only, must be boiled in water 15-20mins.
Harvesting: Grow in slightly alkaline, well drained soil in full sun. Collect gum from second year plants by incising stem base, dry and use as a powder.
Bayberry
Myrica cerifa/gale Bitter astringent useful in bleeding ulcers, for all mucous conditions, inflammation and infection of the bowels, diarrhea, colitis. Also used for fevers and colds, to stimulate circulation and as a gargle for bleeding gums. Use in bath for joint inflammation.
Contradictions: Induces vomiting in large amounts.
Instructions: Use bark of root in decoction.
Properties: Astringent, anti-inflammatory.
Harvesting: M. cerifa is known as wax murtle which is a highly adaptable evergreen shrub tolerates poor, dry and wet conditions, but is not as hardy as bayberry or M. gale which is a native species known as bog murtle/sweet gale, it is often found growing in swampy areas with hardhack. Deciduous in most climates except far south. Divide rooted offshoots to propagate. Need male and female plants for fruit production, berries a source of winter food for birds.
Blackberry
Rubus fructicosus Root, berries and leaves are astringent (in order of strength), use decoction of root for diarrhea or can use berries and leaves in tea. Also used for cystitis. Use externally as a gargle for mouth ulcers and inflammations. Powdered fruit used for dysentry. Juice of whole plant used for centuries for bleeding and inflammations.
Instructions: Use root bark as decoction, whole root can also be used but will not be as potent; use berries and leaves in infusion, berries are used in food.
Properties: Fruit contains malic and citric acid, pectin, albumen. Effective astringent.
Harvesting: Weed, grows everywhere, harvest leaves and berries when ripe, harvest roots in autumn. Dry root fast and hot.
Burdock
Arctium lappa Root has blood-purifying properties and has been used since the 11th century for cancer, medical evidence suggests it is useful in treating tumors and it decreases mutations in cells exposed to toxic chemicals, and exhibits an anti-poisoning effect. May help aid in weight loss. Used for skin diseases including eczema, especially when combined with Yellow Dock and Sarsparilla. Shown to be antidiabetic, contains oligosaccharides shown to lower hypoglycemia and improve bowel habits, stool composition, decrease intestinal transit time, improve glucose tolerance, reduce glucose and starch absorption, change composition of colonic microbial flora reducing potential pathogens, and reduce blood cholesterol. Used by ancient herbalists for a weak uterus and as an aid during childbirth; also very rich in vitamins and nutrients. Used externally on scaly skin, ulcers, bruises, acne, burns & wounds. In hair care products it is a mild astringent for oily hair that soothes and adds shine.
Contradictions: Should not be used when pregnant because it is a uterine stimulant, otherwise it is very safe, has been used as food for centuries in Japan.
Instructions: Usually the root is used in decoction or tincture, seed can also be used in decoction, leaves in infusion or salve. Take 20-40 drops tincture 3-4 times daily for chronic conditions, 2-3 cups of decoction. Leaf infusion may be taken once a day for long term. Make salve for skin conditions. Root is edible, known as ‘poor man’s potatoes’.
Properties: Contains mucilage, tannic acid, inulin, glucoside, fixed & volatile oils, phytoestrogens, anti-oxidants, polyphenols, arctigenin (anti-tumor properties). It is alterative, astringent, emollient, bitter, anti-inflammatory and diuretic.
Harvesting: Sow in autumn 1’ deep, or less if sown in spring. Grows in moist but well drained soils in full sun. Found in disturbed areas, pastures, barnyards and roadsides. Has large rhubarb like heart-shaped leaves, seeds are prickly burrs that cling to clothes. Dig roots July to October of the first year or the following spring, dice immediately and dry in the shade. Take leaves and fruits of second year plant in the summer when mature.
Calamus
Acorus calamus AKA sweet myrtle, sweet flag. Used for gastrointestinal tract disorders of any kind including gastritis, hyperacidity, bleeding ulcers, “tummy rumbling”. Also for bronchial complaints. Combined with cardamom to aid in digestion of dairy. In Ayurvedic medicine regarded as a restorative for the brain and nervous system, especially after a stroke. Peasants in Yugoslavia used the root to induce abortion. Smokers may become nauseous from chewing the root and thus may aid in overcoming the smoking habit. Ground to a powder and applied topically for lice, and used as a fixative in potpourris.
Contradictions: Excessive use may cause vomiting. Use only North American variety.
Instructions: Use root by cold infusion only; 1 tsp. in 1/4L water overnight, lightly warmed and strained in A.M. Take frequently. Or can tincture the root by macerating and soaking in alcohol for 7 days, don’t peel the root as medicinal properties also found in skin.
Properties: aromatic, stimulant, mild tonic, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, stomachic, benefits digestion
Harvesting: Gather brown (yellow inside) root of 2-3 year old plant (not when hollow because these are too old) in late fall or early spring. Sword shaped leaves with cone shaped yellow-green spadix in its middle (somewhat smaller than cattail sedge) root is thickness of thumb and grows up to 1m long. Use north American or Siberian varieties only because others contain toxic asarone. Does not grow in the wild in British Columbia.
Calendula
AKA pot marigold - Calendula officinalis Used internally for any gastrointestinal disorders, gastric and duodenal ulcers, diverticulitis, especially for inflammation of the large intestine and chronic ulcers. It helps reduce excess stomach acid making it an excellent fast acting remedy for heartburn. Helps to clean the blood, for internal bleeding, menstrual problems, pelvic inflammatory disease. Anti-tumor properties, flushes toxins from body, as well as parasites. Drink internally for poor complexion and circulation. Can use compress of tea on canker sores along with goldenseal if it doesn’t seem to work on its own, also use compress on bruises and sprains, and watery eyes and conjunctivitis. Can use ointment on any wound, abrasion, eczema, psoriasis, cracked feet, burns and rashes of any kind, bee stings, and varicose veins, good for healing very dry and sensitive skin. For varicose veins use in an ointment while using internally in tea along with cayenne, goldenseal, myrrh (strengthens vein walls), yellow dock three times a day; also do not overeat, eat a cleansing diet high in fiber, and take vitamins A, E and C; for open bleeding veins make poultices of comfrey, chickweed or diluted liquid chlorophyll. Can be used in conjunction with comfrey for very deep wounds and with aloe for more superficial wounds and burns. Used as a hair rinse to bring out highlights in blondes and brunettes. Used in cooking, add petals to corn muffins or rice.
Instructions: Use in a warm infusion as tea or add to rice or vegetables. Make external poultice with leftovers from tea making. Ointment (2 handfuls leaves flowers and stems to 500g beeswax and oil. Let stand 1 day reheat filter and pour into jars) Or can macerate in oil for external use.
Properties: astringent, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial.
Harvesting: Hardy long lived annual that tolerates sunny and dry conditions, poor soil, keep picked for continual harvest. Self- sows readily. Attracts butterflies, prone to green caterpillar damage on foliage, and black aphids.
Cannabis
Cannabis sativa Used to stimulate appetite and ease nausea for those with cancer, Aids, Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn’s Disease. Also used to relieve pain and control excessive weight loss associated with these diseases. Used in treating and easing the discomfort of those with asthma and glaucoma. A gentler alternative to prescription drugs that can be used to combat the nausea, headaches, and other side effects induced by other prescription drugs used to treat these illnesses. A powerful sedative used to help combat excessive stress, particularly useful in illnesses tied closely to stress (such as IBD).
Contradictions: Illegal in most countries, may be able to obtain a medical exemption in Canada. May become habit-forming. Should not use while operating a motor vehicle as it may slow response time.
Instructions: Usually smoked, but for those opposed to/ unable to smoke it, it can be ingested raw or cooked in your favorite recipes, or used in a vaporizer or in a high potency tincture.
Properties: Sedative, appetite stimulant.
Harvesting: Grown outdoors in summer or indoors all year in rich, organic soil, or grown hydroponically indoors. Feed N in early growth but then P and K in pre bud and bud stage. Feed often for maximum bud production. Allow to dry slightly between waterings. Harvest in fall before fall rains come to prevent mold. Indoors reduce light near budding stage to encourage bud production, cease fertilizing & increase watering to flush plants two weeks prior to harvesting.
Cardamom
Elettaria cardamomum Important digestive herb, used for thousands of years as bitter tonic, especially when combined with angelica and ginger. Take before meals to help activate gastric secretions of hydrochloric acid and other digestive enzymes. Especially useful for those with slow, sluggish digestion, poor appetite or flatulence.
Properties: Carminative, stimulant
Harvesting: Perennial plant native to India. The seeds are harvested when ripe.
Catnip
Nepeta cataria Used for ailments associated with digestive system including stomach acid & upset, spasms. Use for colds, fever, flu, restlessness, colic and insomnia in babies and children. Induces sleep and perspiration without the extra heat. Also beneficial for headaches. Expels worms. Antispasmodic used to stimulate menses, and used for menstrual cramps. Fleas, beetles and rats are repelled by catnip.
Instructions: Infuse 1 oz leaves (no stems) but don’t boil. Give to children 2 tsp at a time, ½ cup frequently for adults. Best taken in small doses, frequently.
Properties: induces perspiration, digestive tonic, refrigerant, antispasmodic, mild nervine, safe for use in children, mild sedative.
Harvesting: Hardy perennial (providing cats are kept at bay) that prefers sunny and dry conditions. Gather whole plant in August just prior to full flower, but when leaves are fully mature. Can pick flowers to extend harvest. Plants are said to repel rats. When transplanting protect from cats as the bruising from transplanting releases their odor and will attract the cats.
Cat’s Claw
Uncaria guianensis or U. tomentosa Boosts immune system, increases energy, reduces chance of stroke and heart attack as it lowers blood pressure and increases circulation. Powerful anti-inflammatory, used for digestive disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s Disease, diverticulitis, gastric ulcers and tumors. Also used for Aids, Lupus, cancer, liver disorders and chronic fatigue. Reduces bleeding. Often combined with other remedies to increase their absorption and bioavailability.
Instructions: Use inner bark and root in capsules, tea or as an extract.
Properties: Active substances are alkaloids and tannins, and other phtyochemicals which boost the immune system. Anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and immune stimulant.
Harvesting: Tropical rainforest vine from South America, both species are used medicinally for the same purposes.
Chamomile
Matricari reticula or Chamaemelum nobile Tea improves appetite, indigestion, anxiety, insomnia, nervousness, stress, feverish illnesses, weak stomachs, cleanses and tones the digestive tract, appetite stimulant, helps temper tantrums in children, hiccups (antispasmodic). Use for IBS, and is good for general ailments of age. Prevents and treats nightmares. Use with ginger as cold infusion for headaches and stomachache; used with ginger for morning sickness during pregnancy. Helps relieve a heavy head cold when used as a facial steam. Drink Roman chamomile tea when breastfeeding for colic in infants Use poultice for toothaches, earaches, abscesses and any external inflammations including eczema. Use strong infusion in a foot bath to soothe sore feet. Wash face with infusion to keep bugs of when in woods. Use topically and internally for hives. Expels worms and parasites. Use ointment for bruises, sprains, calluses, and corns. Use tea/decoction as a rinse or in shampoo for blond hair or to help with dandruff. It lightens, strengthens, and revitalizes the outer layers of the hair, minimizing the effects of toxic chemicals, hair products, sun, detergents, etc. Use to wash face with to keep skin soft and supple, soothe dry skin and sunburn, and as an astringent (also in facial steam) to open and cleanse pores to prevent and treat blackheads and acne.
Contradictions: Don’t use if allergic to ragweed, for extended periods of time or if pregnant.
Instructions: Infuse in very hot but not boiling water, drink twice daily. Use moist flowers in poultice. Make salve or oil infusion for external use.
Properties: Contains Vitamin A, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ca, K, and Zn, volatile oils, tannic and tiglic acids. Mild sedative, digestive tonic, soothing, balancing for the female system, hormone-like, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant, calming, analgesic and mildly antiseptic.
Harvesting: Roman chamomile is a perennial that produces fewer flowers and has a somewhat more bitter taste while German chamomile is an annual that also contains anti-inflammatory compounds. Plant indoors in mid April, needs light to germinate, move to greenhouse at end of may or early June. Keep moist and use mulch to extend blooming time. Will self-sow. Chaparral
Helpful for arthritis and allergies, a powerful detoxifying agent that also helps to reduce ‘cleansing reactions’. Promotes immune system functioning, fights bacteria and virus, and prevents oxidative processes from rapidly aging tissues. Aids in healing skin blemishes and acne used topically and internally. Also promotes hair growth. A soak in a chaparral bath cleanses and detoxifies the blood, kidneys, liver, lymph and thymus gland.
Contradictions: A controlled substance in some countries.
Instructions: Use leaves and stems as a cold infusion, drank ½ hour before each meal and at night. For a bath, prepare one hour ahead of time 4tbsp dried herb to 1L of purified water, make an infusion and steep one hour, strain and pour in bath, be sure to rest after your bath.
Properties: Detoxifying agent, antioxidant.
Harvesting: Found in desert areas and alkali soils of south-western USA.
Cinqfoil
Potentilla spp. A “magical plant” thought in ancient times to afford protection against evil. It cures and staunches excessive bleeding. Decoction of root cures ruptures and burnings in the gut, when used with other herbs, also for mouth ulcers, tooth pain. Produces sweating, expels toxins, and purifies body of inflammation. Use leaves and root for all external and internal wounds, as well as jaundice, inflammations & fevers of infection, diarrhea, dysentery, sore throats & burns as well as hemorrhoids, measles, poison oak, smallpox, syphyllis, thrush, warts, toothache. Decoction of root for female and male problems. Tormentilla (AKA Setfoil) also has the same properties but is a bit stronger.
Instructions: Use leaves and outer bark of the root 2 to 3 tsp leaves to 1 cup boiling water 5-20 minutes, strain and drink 1 cup a day. Root bark in decoction 1 cup to 1 ½ cup water, ¼ cup every 4-6 hours Or in tincture 20-40 drops every 4-6 hours.
Properties: Very astringent, febrifuge, tonic
Harvesting: Perennial plant, grows by runners. Low growing procumbent stem bears petioled leaves palmately divided into 5 sharp toothed obovate to oblanceolate leaflets. Solitary yellow flowers April to August, close in dull weather and at night. Dig root & collect leaves in spring.
Comfrey
Symphytum officinale Strong decoction of root is especially useful for digestive disorders and internal bleeding and inflammation, to aid digestion, and to eliminate bloody urine, bronchitic conditions, especially those with phlegm. Take during healing process of broken bones because of the abundant calcium, also for sprains and slow healing sores. Sip decoction of root for painful hacking cough. Apply fresh compress to bruises and sprains. Aids in cell proliferation. Widely used in salve to heal wounds, reduce pain and inflammation and reduce scarring. Used cosmetically to prevent the signs of aging and helps reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Fresh squeezed juice from the leaves can be applied to a clean face for 10 minutes for dry skin.
Contradictions: Use with caution because contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids which in large amounts can cause liver damage and cancer, just use in moderation.
Instructions: Use leaves in infusion, decoction with root. Leaves can easily be made into a beeswax salve or an ointment with coconut oil.
Properties: Vitamins A, B1, B12, Calcium and potassium. Astringent, demulcent, mucilaginous.
Harvesting: Plant has large rough pointed and hairy leaves, grows 2-3 feet tall, tolerates damp and shady places. Gather leaves when in flower, they have same properties as root but are not as strong. Gather the thumb thickness dark brown or black root in the fall, it is yellowish inside and slimy. Use the tea or leaves as mulch as an excellent fertilizer for all plants but especially for tomatoes and potatoes. Excellent composting plant as it helps the rapid breakdown of other compost materials.
Dandelion
Taraxacum officinale Cleansing remedy for eczema and other skin diseases. Clears toxins from blood; excellent “spring cleaning” therapy in spring when leaves are fresh. Drink dandelion tea for canker sores; it helps promote the flow of bile therefore good for liver diseases, helps maintain potassium levels. Also for urinary complaints, rheumatism, gallbladder problems, heart problems, hepatitis, jaundice, and to decongest and restore and cleanse the spleen and liver. Use stems in tea for 14 days for sickly people without energy. Standard treatment for eczema, psoriasis, boils and acne, also corrects hormonal imbalances and PMS. Used in pregnant women as a safe and gentle diuretic, so very useful for those with high blood pressure especially when combined with garlic, and it does not deplete potassium because leaves are naturally rich in potassium. Roots are bitters and will therefore purify the blood, improve digestion, assimilation, and elimination, mild laxative, increases appetite and provide a stimulating effect. Strengthens a weak stomach. Possible anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activity makes it useful in promoting the body’s ability to fight cancer cells. Boil with lentils for dysentery. Boil flowers to make a yellow dye, roots for magenta dye. Young leaves are eaten as a salad herb, flowers used in wines, pancakes and baking. The milk from the stems is used to remove warts and corns.
Instructions: Use root (large 2 year old), flowers, leaves, stems(of younger plant) in infusion or tincture (5-40 drops). Use leaves for salad (soak 30min in salt water to remove bitterness). Root steeped in hot water used as a coffee substitute.
Properties: diuretic, tonic, and general stimulant. Contains Vitamins B, C, and more A than carrots. Contains organic sodium which purifies blood and destroys acid.
Harvesting: Noxious, invasive and persistent Weed! Harvest in mid spring for leaves and flowers, roots anytime.
Devil’s Claw
Harpagophytum procumbens Potent anti-inflammatory herb, useful in the treatment of osteoarthritis, arthritis and tendonitis. A gastrointestinal tonic that stimulates gall bladder and pancreatic processes. In animal studies it has been shown to lower arterial blood pressure and decrease heart rate. Used for thousands of years by people in the Kalahari region to treat pain, complications of pregnancy, and topically on sores, boils and skin problems.
Properties: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-rheumatic; contains iridoid glycosides.
Harvesting: native to the Savannahs of South Africa.
Fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecum. Stimulates uterus, soothes irritated tissues, reduces blood sugar, improves digestion, promotes healing, gentle laxative. Especially when used with honey it helps to expel any bad blood, waste etc. from guts. Use decoction for digestive disorders especially ulcers of the lower gut and bloody/foul bowel movements. Also good for late onset diabetes, painful menstruation. Good cure for mild inflammations but may exacerbate inflammations which are already very hot. Use externally for skin inflammations and cellulitis. Popular kitchen herb, ground seeds commercially used for imitation vanilla & butterscotch flavours.
Instructions: Use 2 tsp seeds to 1cup cold water, let stand 5 hours, heat and boil 1 minute, take 2-3 cups a day. Or better yet add to salads, stirfry, soups etc.
Properties: Anti-parasitic and anti-tumor, expectorant, mucilaginous, restorative.
Harvesting: Annual member of pea family with long blooming fragrant flowers. Grows 1-2’ tall in well drained soil in full sun. Uproot plant when pods turn brown, hang upside down to dry.
Fennel
Foeniculum vulgare Use to help with digestion and to calm the stomach, especially acid stomach. Also used for fevers, coughs, shortness of breath, rheumatism, diabetes, jaundice, for babies with colic, and to increase the flow of mother’s milk. Helps to eliminate poisons and toxins from blood and body, used for snake and insect bites and food poisoning. Tea is good as an eyewash, and is said to improve memory and is a good general tonic for the brain.
Instructions: Use 1-2tsp crushed or bruised seeds to 1 cup boiling water, steep 10-15minutes. Also use in the kitchen in soups, stir fry, salad, rice dishes etc.
Properties: carminative, emmenogogue, has psychoactive properties.
Harvesting: Very easy to grow, seed in place (doesn’t transplant well) 10-12” apart in full sun, 1/4” deep after danger of frost has passed. Prefers slightly alkaline soil. Keep soil moist until they germinate. A host plant for butterflies, especially swallowtails. To harvest seeds wait until the umbels turn light brown, then cut and drop into a paper bag to dry.
Flax
Linum spp. Contains important phytochemicals currently being researched for their cancer prevention, inhibits and prevents breast, colon & prostrate cancer, a powerful antioxidant that prevents free radical damage, improves cardiovascular health & reduce heart disease. In animal studies has been shown to reduce tumor size by 50% or more. Helps kidney filtration capabilities by increasing capillaries in kidneys, therefore decreases cholesterol, good for lupus. It acts as a weak form of natural estrogen, phytoestrogens, which help prevent breast cancer and are useful in reducing hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause. Seeds are also used as part of a skin cleansing program, helps normalize oily, dry or blemished skin, use ground seeds as a facial mask/scrub or a body scrub.
Instructions: Use seeds and or oil, keep oil in fridge. Add seeds to baking, soups, etc. and add oil to blender drinks (do not heat or cook oil) or salad dressings, and drizzle on cooked vegetables. Or make mucilage with seeds soaked overnight in water, strain and drink liquid. Do not pre-grind your seeds, grind them fresh each time you use the seeds as the oils contained within them oxidize rapidly, causing rancidity and destroying their nutritional/medicinal value.
Properties: High in omega - 3 fatty acids and low in saturated fat. Is phytoestrogenic, contains beneficial prostaglandins and lignin.
Harvesting: Zone 5-10 perennial that grows well in well drained soil in full sun. Propagate by cuttings of non flowering stems in summer. From seed flowers the following year, do not divide.
Ginger
Zingiber officinale Use for morning sickness in pregnancy, motion sickness, vertigo, indigestion, nausea, hangovers. It’s believed to reduce nausea by increasing digestive fluids and absorbing & neutralizing toxins and stomach acid. It increases bile secretion, improves protein and fat digestion, strengthens gastrointestinal tract, prevents ulcers, reduces abnormal inflammation; has anticancer properties, aids overall male fertility, improves circulation, low BP, dizziness and bursitis. Ginger tea very beneficial for ear infections, colds with congestion, sore throats, bronchitis, asthma. Purifies blood of germs and bacteria, cleanses arteries and the whole body system. Good for general fatigue. Alleviates stress by blocking anxiety producing hormone-like fatty acids from reaching anxiety receptors in the brain; works especially well for this if combined with thyme. Also acts as an adrenal inhibitor and therefore helps reduce cravings thus important for treatment of addictions including weight loss. Protects stomach lining from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. External tea for sore backs and bruises, alternate with ice packs for inflamed muscles. Can also be used as a rinse for athlete’s foot. In hair products it helps to reduce dandruff and promotes the loosening and removal of flakes. Wild ginger can be used for many of the same purposes and contains anti-tumor compounds.
Contradictions: Don’t use too much with high fever, digestive ulcers or inflammatory skin complaints.
Instructions: Use dried root in infusion, ½ tsp powdered root to 1 pint boiling water, take often in small doses. In tincture take 2-5 drops every 4-6 hours. External tea: simmer ginger and cinnamon in water for 5 minutes then steep for 15 minutes.
Properties: Anti-cancer, anti-tumor, adrenal inhibitor, stimulant, Carminative, diuretic, diaphoretic, antifungal.
Harvesting: Grow from organic rhizomes, keep indoors until soil warms outside. Wild ginger is found in shaded calcareous ledges and cool shaded, moist woods and slopes. It is stemless, inconspicuous, no more than 12” high, root is round and fleshy, with a dividing stem supporting a kidney-shaped deep green above and light below, soft woolly veined 4-8” broad leaf, 2 to a plant. A solitary bell shaped thick brownish flower with purple inside is often hidden under dry leaves. Ginger can be used as a natural botanical pesticide.
Goldenseal
Hydrastis canadensis Good for earaches, colds & flu’s, nasal discharge, mouth infections; often used with Echinacea. Soothes stomach, a laxative, eases loss of appetite and vomiting, aids digestion, useful for those with food sensitivity. Used for any mucous condition, colitis, gastroenteritis and especially for inflammation of the colon and rectum. Helps raise blood pressure. Bitter tonic taken before meals restores a chronically weak digestive system. Mucous membrane tonic, it stimulates the flow of fresh healthy mucous which helps flush out infectious mucus and ulcerated mucous membranes. Use with chaste tree (Vitex) for menopausal problems. Said to be useful for chronic alcoholism when combined with cayenne. Use as eyewash for conjunctivitis and other inflammations of the eye. Use as a gargle for canker sores. Good for skin problems like eczema, acne and even skin cancer. Root used to dye clothing yellow.
Contradictions: Do not use if pregnant or for children under two. Use for ulcerative colitis but not during an active phase. Do not use fresh. Do not use for extended periods of time as it may weaken bacterial flora in intestine. Poisonous in very large doses.
Instructions: Use rhizome in decoction, infusion or tincture (0.5-2 ml 3x/day max), tincture is most economical if as it is very expensive, unless you are able to grow your own.
Properties: Contains albumin, biotin, choline, lignin, resin, Ca, Fe, Mn, P, K, Vitamins A, C, B Complex, and E, starches and sugars. Antibacterial, astringent, general stimulant, tonic, antiseptic, diuretic, laxative.
Harvesting: Difficult to grow from seed, start by rootlets. North American woodland plant grows ~ 12” tall, fond of shade. Plant in well drained, rich, humusy, and moist soil, in a shady spot and mulch heavily with leaf litter. Good companion plant for ginseng. Dry before using as fresh root can cause ulceration and inflammation of mucous tissues. Gather root in fall, leaves and tops in late summer or fall after the seeds ripen.
Herb Robert
Geranium Robertianum Good for external wounds and ulcers, as well as for internal wounds and ulcers, especially those of the intestine. Also used for stones and gall bladder removal. Used to staunch and heal bleeding wounds.
Instructions: Use in infusion up to three cups a day. Or use externally as a poultice.
Harvesting: Found in somewhat shady places, roadsides, gardens, forest edges etc. Has small pink flowers and geranium - like leaves which are often tinged with reds and deep pinks.
Hollyhock
Alcea rosea Like others of the mallow family use the hollyhock for inflammations of the mucous surfaces in stomach, throat, tonsils, bowels and for chest complaints, cystitis, incontinence, mouth ulcers. Has actions similar to marshmallow. A decoction of the flowers is used internally for excessive menstruation and externally for vaginal or rectal irritation. Used externally and internally for skin eruptions, psoriasis, herpes. Flowers used as a deep purple-black coloring agent.
Instructions: Use flowers in an infusion.
Properties: demulcent, emollient, diuretic
Harvesting: A very tall and beautiful annual or biennial garden plant that grows in well drained soil in full sun. Harvest flowers when in bloom.
Hops
Humulus lupulus Useful for tension headaches, anxiety, anger as well as indigestion and gas. It stimulates digestion, cleanses the blood, spleen, liver and kidneys, purges toxins. A great sedative that helps with sleep, can be used at night as a safe alternative to sleeping pills. Said to be used to reduce sexual overactivity. Used in cough syrup, with honey for bronchitis. Try stuffing a pillow with hops for insomnia and nightmares, add lavender if desired. Use poultice on abscesses, boils, and skin problems. Make a chest rub with hops, eucalyptus, and peppermint in a thin salve; also used in skin creams for its hormonal content. Young shoots and leaves can be cooked as vegetables.
Instructions: Use in infusion. Flavor with honey to reduce bitterness.
Properties: Tonic, diuretic, sedative, nervine, antispasmodic, estrogenlike.
Harvesting: Tall growing herbaceous perennial vine that makes an attractive screen plant, blooms July-Aug; female plant only gives fruit; gather fruit before it turns white and transparent. Propagate by root division in spring and plant in full sun in rich soil, topdress with compost in spring. Provide lots of water and adequate drainage. Cut annually to control growth.
Lavender
Aromatic flowers, in tea for exhaustion, headache, reduces flatulence, soothes fatigue, improves digestion and eases digestive problems related to tension. Also helps for dizziness and travel sickness. Add to bath for relaxation and insomnia. Balancing properties of lavender can correct emotional problems and feelings of instability and its calming effect will induce a restful sleep, useful for anxiety, irritability and depression.
Instructions: Use infusion of flowers. Or try Lavender syrup: 1c water, ¾ c sugar and 2tbsp lavender flowers, heat, strain off flowers and use as topping for ice-cream or desserts.
Properties: Stimulant, aromatic, carminative, nervine, head-clearing, respiratory, skin healing, muscle relaxant, digestive, sedative, calming, balancing, analgesic, antiseptic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, decongestive, antidepressant, a powerful tonic for the entire system.
Harvesting: Prune tops of young plants to prevent flowering in first year. Prune in March if get scraggly with age, or produce young plants by layering or by cuttings over-wintered indoors, which is easier than starting from seed . Grow in sun in well drained, slightly alkaline soil, drainage is important in winter; protect in cold winters. Occasionally topdress with compost.
Licorice
Glycyrrhiza glabra Used for hoarseness and coughs, difficulty breathing, gastric ulceration. It stimulates adrenal glands which helps to raise blood pressure in those with low blood pressure and is excellent for hypoglycemia, arthritis and allergy symptoms (including food allergies), reduces blood cholesterol and inflammation of bladder and kidneys. Good post-steroidal therapy. Inhibits virus including influenza and activates white blood cells. Extract has mild estrogenic effects and may be beneficial in conjunction with other herbs for menopause. Use topically and in tea for coldsores and canker sores. Apply directly on canker sores and in a salve use on chicken pox and measles, also reduces age spots. Also added to men’s shampoo as it blocks DHT, a hormone related to male pattern baldness.
Contradictions: May cause side effects in healthy people like headaches, elevated blood pressure, lethargy and hypertension, fluid retention. Not for long term use in those with high blood pressure. Has a diuretic effect so may lower potassium, eat lots of bananas!
Instructions: Use in infusion or decoction, generally with other herbs. Also make into salves.
Properties: main constituent is glycyrrhizin which stimulates the secretion of the adrenal cortex hormone aldosterone and encourages the production of hydrocortisone a powerful antiinflammatory compound without the side effects of effects of steroids. Expectorant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, demulcent, emollient, sedative.
Harvesting: Plant in Feb.-Mar by rhizome or start seeds, divide in spring. Plant in a warm and dry spot in sandy rich soil in full sun. Feed relatively heavily with manure and or compost in autumn, use runners for yearly propagation. Harvest 2-3 year old roots in fall.
Marsh Mallow
Althea but Malva also often used Soothing for any irritated mucous membranes, taken internally or used externally as a poultice. Use for bronchitis, hoarseness, laryngitis, dry mouths, emphysema and coughs; with honey to loosen coughs and relieve sore throats. Use marshmallow root syrup for teething in children because reduces inflammation in gums, add 3tsp to child’s food or drink. Use decoction of root for gastroenteritis, colitis especially if combined with comfrey & slippery elm, replaces natural mucous of intestines. Can use poultice externally (steep leaves in hot water) for inflammations and weeping eczema and can bruise and rub leaves on stings or cuts in the field. The sweet-tasting white fibrous root can be dried and powdered and made into sweets and candies. Salve is used for sunburns and to soothe skin irritations. In hair care it is soothing for dandruff and dry scalp itch.
Instructions: By cold infusion only, let stand 1-2 hours, stirring occasionally, same done with root as you should never overheat herbs being used for mucilaginous properties. Drink 3x daily. Use root of Marsh mallow, whole plant of common mallow. External poultice of moistened herb or use tea strainings. Cooled infusion can be used as a rinse for the hair.
Properties: Both its leaves and roots are mucilaginous demulcents with some astringency. Contains large amounts of Zinc and Vitamin A, also sugars, starch, pectin, some tannin, high in mucilage.
Harvesting: Althaea officinalis is the actual marsh mallow that grows in salt marshes or near rivers, its 2 year old roots are collected in the fall. Malva rotundifolia is the common small leafed mallow that grows as a weed everywhere, has purple or pale pink flowers and roundish fruit. Use only the healthiest looking specimens; garden variety is long stemmed. Gather leaves in late summer after flowering, when mature, harvest root anytime, but best Sept - Nov.
Meadowsweet
Filipendula ulmaria Safe natural aspirin that protects the lining of the stomach and intestines while providing the anti-inflammatory benefits of salicylates. Use to ease pain and fever and is soothing and nourishing to the bowels, used in conjunction with other herbs for IBS. Root is especially good for internal and external bleeding. Use with licorice for digestive upset and with white willow bark for arthritis. Use for diarrhea in children.
Contradictions: Use caution when giving children herbal aspirins (meadowsweet, willow bark or wintergreen), allergic reactions can occur, don’t give if child has a viral infection like cold or flu.
Instructions: Use whole plant in infusion.
Properties: contains Vitamin C. Anti-inflammatory, aromatic, astringent, antacid, diuretic.
Harvesting: Perennial herb that requires moist areas for flower development. Plant indoors in Feb. to put outside in May in rich, moisture-retentive soil, dislikes acidic soil. Prone to powdery mildew in dry conditions. Attracts butterflies. Harvest while flowering.
Milk Thistle
Silybum marianum Important for detoxification for those who smoke, drink coffee, or are on prescription drugs or suffer from any other kind of chemical poisoning. Reduces toxins in blood and liver, improves liver function by regenerating liver cells, use for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other conditions that weaken the liver. Great used as part of a cleansing therapy to help one recover from illness. Improves milk production in nursing mothers. Antidote for deathcap mushroom. Recommended for all sorts of skin conditions, eczema, acne, psoriasis, etc. because of its liver-supporting properties which reduce the amount of toxins expelled through the skin. Young shoots and leaves are an edible delicacy, stems and roots can be boiled like vegetables. Can be used long term.
Instructions: Use seeds in powder or liquid extract, tinctures provide the strongest concentration of medicinal ingredients.
Properties: Contains silybin an antioxidant and one of the most powerful liver protective agents known. Detoxicant, anticancer and antioxidant, demulcent, acts as purgative by the stimulation of intestinal secretions. Blocks the absorption of toxins into cells, a more powerful antioxidant than Vitamins C and E.
Harvesting: Annual or biennial that grows in well drained soil in full sun, is drought tolerant. Direct sow at end of April or early may. Self sows readily. Cut when in flower and use whole plant. Caution: wear gloves and long sleeves as at certain times you may develop a strong allergic rash when touched by the spines on the leaves. I have found that applying calendula salve immediately after prevents/reduces the effects.
Peppermint
Mentha xpiperita Used in tea, especially to aid in digestion and when you have overeaten, for abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, gastroenteritis, heartburn, nausea, indigestion, sinusitis, feverish colds & flu, chills, fainting & dizzy spells, as well as motion, morning and seasickness. Cleanses and strengthens the body. Also may help with cystitis, asthma, hay fever, ear infections and ulcers. Can be used in place of aspirin for headaches when combined with raspberry leaf. Can also use fresh as a steam with yarrow and lemon balm in boiling hot water - inhale (with lemon if desired) for nasal congestion. Used to increase palatability of other herbs. Freshly bruised leaves rubbed on skin works as a local anesthetic and antiseptic.
Instructions: Use fresh or dried leaves in infusion, NEVER BOIL. Mint syrup - good tea sweetener: Heat 1c water, dissolve 3c sugar, add 1c fresh leaves and boil 5 mins, remove from heat, stand 15mins, strain, cool and pour into bottle with tight fitting lid. Peppermint Travel Pillow: to ease motion sickness fill a soft neck cushion with 2oz peppermint, 2oz lemon verbena, 2oz lavender, 1 tbsp crushed lemon zest.
Properties: Digestive, carminative, respiratory, anti-inflammatory.
Harvesting: Must grow by division because true peppermint is a hybrid thus seeds are sterile. Like most mints likes shady, moist conditions in rich soil - does not like to remain in same spot more than a few years. pH 5.5 to 6.5. Feed compost in spring. Can be grown in large buried buckets with drainage holes to prevent spreading, dig and replant/divide and apply compost every early spring to renew plant.
Plantain
Plantago major or lanceolata Used since very ancient times, often the fresh juice squeezed form the leaves was poured directly into a wound, it’s astringent properties helped promote blood clotting to reduce bleeding. Use for asthma, phlegm in lungs, eczema, bad blood, bronchitis, thrush, bowel problems (pain and hemorrhaging), hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers and diarrhea. Use for internal and external bleeding, especially ulcers and other wounds which are slow to heal. Root decoction good for liver, kidney, bladder and jaundice. Crushed leaves of both kinds can be applied externally to wounds, cuts, scratches, stings, boils, bites of all kinds, eye inflammations, use in shoes or on feet to prevent blisters on long walks. Very beneficial for insect bites when applied fresh in the field it helps to draw insect venom out of the bite before it can be carried to other parts of the body. May be beneficial in helping to quit smoking and in weight loss. Seeds are used as a laxative and a bulking agent, can be added to food/cereals etc., crack seeds just before use. Fresh juice can be applied externally to skin inflammations and mouth sores. Antibacterial properties are contained in the juice and are partly or completely inactivated when heated. Ancient Druids considered plantain to be one of their 7 sacred herbs.
Instructions: Use leaves in tea, root in decoction, taken three times a day. Or use freshly crushed leaves as a poultice or wash for external applications, or in a salve or oil.
Properties: Anti-toxin, anti inflammatory expectorant, refrigerant, diuretic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, vulnerary, laxative, anti-microbial. Rich in minerals and vitamins C, K and T
Harvesting: Weed found everywhere, oval leaved is P. major; P. lanceolata is the ribwort species. Gather leaves and aerial parts in sun any time of the year, but best just before flowers appear when leaves are fully mature, dry quickly to prevent discoloration. Or if using seeds for laxative and fiber then gather when seedhead is fully ripe by cutting the stalk and hanging them upside down in a brown paper bag, crack seeds just before use. Gather root in autumn. Use only the healthiest looking specimens, away from pollution sources. Wide-leaf plantain has more medicinal properties the taller narrow leaf variety.
Psyllium
Plantago psyllium Husk is a bulk forming laxative that soothes irritation and detoxifies the intestines; helps prevent and treat diverticulitis and is widely used as a safe and gentle source of fiber for those with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Both husk and seeds useful for both constipation and diarrhea without irritation. Increases nutrient absorption in intestines and increases water in colon making bowel movements easier for people with colitis and hemorrhoids. Use 1tbsp in 8oz of water before meals to help you feel “full” to aid in weight loss. Recent studies suggest it may help lower cholesterol and improve glucose control in Type 2 Diabetes.
Instructions: Soak overnight in water, 1 tsp. 2x daily. Can be added to morning cereal or taken as is with a full glass of water. Must take water with it as it absorbs water readily and may draw too much out of intestines otherwise, which can cause cosntipation.
Properties: Rich in soluble fiber. Bulk-forming laxative, intestinal detoxicant.
Harvesting: Low growing annual sown in mid to late April. Harvest when seedheads are fully ripe, hang by stalks upside down in a paper bag to collect seeds as they fall. Can also collect wild source from Plantago major (plantain).
Shepherd’s Purse
Capsella bursa-pastoris Use for all kinds of bleeding both internal and external, anywhere on the body, use decoction, juice or poultice, or just crush a few of the leaves and apply directly to the wound. Helps to stop hemorrhage after childbirth and it tones and contracts the uterus. Used for bleeding piles, hemorrhoids, chronic diarrhea, stomach ulcers, bleeding ulcers, bleeding lungs, gall bladder, dysentery, and gastritis. Benefits both low and high blood pressure. For nosebleed dip some on cottonball.
Instructions: Use whole plant in, 2 -3 cups daily, drink hot as diaphoretic. Drink cold 2 or more cups a day for a tonic. Or use by tincture 10-20 drops, make tincture of the fresh herb.
Properties: Contains resins, saponins, flavonoids, potassium, tyramine, choline, acetylcholine, tannins, leaves are rich in vitamins A, B, and C. Astringent, expectorant, hemostatic, emmenagogue, diuretic, vulnerary.
Harvesting: Grows everywhere, in disturbed areas, waste places, roadsides, fields, paths, lawns, gardens. Grows 5-50cm tall depending on soil quality, with rosette of leaves at base similar to dandelion, tiny dirty white flowers on top with tiny leathery heart shaped seed pods below them. Use healthiest specimens, gather whole above ground portion when fully mature from spring to fall. Because it is considered by most to be a noxious weed it may be heavily sprayed with herbicides so be careful of where you are collecting it.
Slippery Elm Powder
Ulmus rubra Use for digestive disorders, gastritis, stomach ulcers and colitis. Regulates intestinal flora. Very nutritional, a wholesome sustaining food, well tolerated by the gastrointestinal tract even when all else fails, can be used over long periods of time to help you get through an illness. Powder on hollow tooth stops ache and delays decay. Poultice can be used on all wounds, burns and inflamed surfaces, used by native Indians.
Instructions: Add to tea, smoothies, beverages, food (form paste and add water cinnamon and lemon). For external salve add to salve just when ready to pour, allowing to cool slightly and pour at a thickened state to keep the powder in suspension. Make a poultice with powder and water to form a paste. For colitis and Crohn’s in the large intestine an enema/suppository can be used, use 1oz to 1 pint infusion, with marshmallow root and witch hazel and other appropriate herbs, according to the symptoms. .
Properties: Supplies Vitamin K (deficient with IBD), mucilage. Demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, natural antacid.
Harvesting: Powder should be fawn colored, not dark or reddish; inner bark only!
Stinging Nettle
Urica dioica. Use for headaches, eczema, (especially childhood eczema caused by nervous tension) acne, rheumatism, arthritis, and asthma (in tea with honey). Used for anemia, highly nutritive for chronic illness, good for brittle bones, joint problems and urinary tract infections, any type of internal hemorrhaging including excessive menstruation. Stimulates bowel movements, good for intestinal ulcers using for 4wks continuously, its astringency also may help to relieve internal hemorrhaging, also stops diarrhea and excess urination. Strengthens and supports the whole body, detoxifies, increases energy, cleanses kidneys, improves circulation, cleanses and builds up the blood while lowering blood sugar thus useful for hypoglycemia. Inhibits influenza A and helps with seasonal allergies. Use as part of ‘spring cleansing’ because helps purify the blood, and aid in tissue detoxification. Give at night to help prevent bedwetting in children. Root is used in early stages of prostate adenome (BPH) because the chemicals in the root may have an effect on the amount of active testosterone circulating in the blood, or they may inhibit one of the key enzymes responsible for testosterone synthesis. Mothers can drink it to increase milk production, was and still is also used by Native Americans as an aid in pregnancy and childbirth as a tonic and as a remedy for hemorrhaging. Dried and boiled leaves also used externally to stop bleeding of wounds. Massage infusion into damp scalp as a final rinse for dry scalp and dandruff. Strong stem fibers used in linen weaving, paper and rope making.
Instructions: Use in warm infusion. Use daily for 2 weeks or more. Young leaves can be cooked and eaten like spinach.
Properties: Very high in iron, also a good source of Ca, vitamin C, A, B1, B2 & K, also rich in K, Mg, folic & pantothenic acids, protein, indoles, acetylcholine, and rich in tannins and chlorophyll. Astringent, improves circulation, detoxicant.
Harvesting: Grows in wild in moist rich soil, often in shade, abandoned farms and roadside ditches. Leaf should be collected when in bloom, drying quickly in the shade. Keep some calendula salve on hand to reduce the irritation if you get stung. Root is collected in the fall, either put fresh into tincture or is chopped and dried for storage. Divide in spring, and plant in moisture retentive soil. Enhances organic matter and soil nutrients making it a beneficial companion plant and compost addition, also repels slugs and pests. Tea can be sprayed on plants for pest repellent and is used as foliar/regular liquid fertilizer.
Thyme
Thymus officinalis. Infusion with honey for chest colds, bronchitis, asthma, laryngitis, whooping cough, sinus ailments. Also for all digestive complaints including IBS, indigestion, flatulence, gastritis and diarrhea in children. Anti-stress, especially when used with ginger it helps alleviate harbored physical and emotional affects on the body caused by stress and anxiety. Controls excessive menstrual flow and is used for mastitis and all swellings of the breasts, plus cystitis, vaginitis, cervicitis, and any inflammations of the female reproductive system. Promotes perspiration in fevers. Used externally as a hot fomentation for abscesses, boils and other swellings. Used in a gargle for sore throat. Used in Roman times as remedy for hangovers, and in the Middle Ages it was considered a symbol of courage.
Instructions: Use aerial parts, (mainly flowers for medicinal use) in infusion.
Properties: A very strong antiseptic, disinfectant, circulatory, stimulating, respiratory, nervine, cleansing and toning for the skin, muscle relaxant, anti-fungal, antispasmodic, general tonic, relaxant and expectorant.
Harvesting: Grows in average, well-drained soil in a sunny position, low growing varieties suitable for rock gardens. If saving seed keep varieties separate/grow from cuttings. Most are evergreen. Harvest aerial parts while in flower.
Turkish Rhubarb Root
Rheum palmatum Effective remedy for digestive ailments, even when all else fails. Improves weak digestion, abdominal cramping and loss of appetite, it increases both saliva flow and gastric secretions. Helps to normalize bowel movements, is a safe and effective laxative. Used for diarrhea and constipation. Also cleanses toxins from the blood and cleanses the liver, kidneys and bladder.
Contradictions: Do not use if pregnant or for extended periods of time.
Instructions: Use in infusion 1 cup a day; or tincture taken as needed; do not use excessively
Properties: Root is rich in Fe. Contains rhein a chemical that inhibits pathogenic bacteria, parasites, and candida in the intestinal tract. Anti-tumor. Strong bowel detoxification effect.
Turmeric
Curcuma longa Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, fights bacteria and inflammation. Use as a mouth rinse with tea of Calendula, chamomile, gingko, goldenseal, licorice and myrrh gum, use with salt to brush teeth. Promotes liver health and good digestion. Curcumin is a turmeric extract that has been shown to be as effective as prescription cortisone as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Turmeric is also a main ingredient in many Indian curries, spice blends designed to aid in the efficiency of the digestive system. It has been used for colouring both food and fabrics since before 600BC.
Contradictions: Large amounts of turmeric can upset the stomach.
Instructions: Use in infusion 1 cup a day; or add to your food.
Properties: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal.
Uva Ursi
Arctostaphylos uva ursi - AKA Kinnikinnick or Bearberry Used for pancreas (if for diabetes add blueberries), chronic diarrhea, profuse menstruation and other female complaints, urinary tract inflammations, cystitis, nephritis, colitis. In the body it converts to hydroquinone which destroys bacteria. Has a reputation as a solvent for uranic acid deposits in urinary tract membranes. A good combination is bearberry with yarrow and quack grass rhizome.
Instructions: Steep 2 tsp herb to 1 pint boiling water; drink ½ cup every 4 hours, with lots of water to keep urine flowing and speed the elimination of toxins. Works best in an alkaline environment so take 1 tsp of baking soda in water ½ hour before use, and do not drink acidic juices while using it. Or take tincture several hours before a meal (acid rush occurs after a meal).
Properties: Astringent, diuretic, tonic, antiseptic, alterative, anti-catarrhal, anti-microbial. Contains phenolic glycosides, flavonoids (quercitin), tannins, iridoids, volatile oils.
Harvesting:Mat-forming perennial evergreen shrub, growing on bare rocks or soil. Alternate, ovate and rounded 1/2-1” long shiny leaves, and pinkish urn shaped flowers June-Sept followed by bright red edible pea sized berries which contain a single seed. Grows from sea level to elevations up to 9000’, in well drained soils in open woodlands. Collect leaves in late summer, just after the dew has dried.
White Willow
Salix alba or Salix spp. Use leaves for minor feverish illnesses, chills and colic. Use bark internally as a natural aspirin, for arthritis, inflammatory stages of auto-immune disorders, diarrhea, fevers and headaches. Also useful for stopping internal and external bleeding, debility of digestive organs, heartburn, stomach problems. Use poultice on warts, and ulcerated sores. Also if stung by a hornet chew fresh willow bark and apply the paste on the sting for ten minutes.
Contradictions: Always use caution when giving children aspirin.
Instructions: Take bark as decoction - best if soaked in cold water for several hours and then boiled for 20 minutes. Or can take as hot infusion, steeped for long period of time. Take unsweetened, 2 cups a day. Or take tincture of fresh bark. Willow is slower acting than aspirin and must be used for longer periods of time.
Properties: Contains natural salicylic acid without side effects (ie: gastric upset and bleeding) of aspirin because it does not block prostaglandins in the stomach and intestines and does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract. Contains tannins which protect from disease and irritation and reduce inflammation. Acts as astringent, antiperiodic, tonic, detergent, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, alterative.
Harvesting: Over 300 spp willow, use black or white willow, pussywillow etc. spp range from very small shrub to 100 foot tall trees. Some weep, some prostrate, hardy, deciduous, bear flowers in catkins covered with silver hair. Leaves are narrow 3-6” long ½ - ¾ “ wide finely toothed and sharply pointed. Twigs are reddish brown. Most grow along creeks or rivers, all like sunlight and prefer open places. Use fresh (greenish) bark, collected in spring when he sap is running. Limit cuts to less than 1/3 the circumference of the tree, or simply cut small twigs and shave off the bark with a pocket knife. Dry at higher temperatures (food dehydrator) as this encourages the conversion of salicin, the primary healing agent.
Witch Hazel
Hamamelis virginiana or mollis Use for pain and to reduce inflammations, also use for mucous disorders. It is a strong astringent useful for internal bleeding of any and all kinds, diarrhea and colitis, while protecting from irritation and reducing inflammation. Used for mouth sores, hemorrhoids, and to relieve sore muscles. Used externally for wounds and inflammations and on skin and in hair preparations as an astringent toner.
Instructions: Use leaves and bark in boiled water for 15 minutes, take up to 3 cups per day. Tincture 5-20 drops every 4-6 hours as needed. Use in an enema or suppository with marshmallow and slippery elm for diarrhea, bleeding hemorrhoids and colitis, repeating after every bloody discharge. Distillate of witch hazel is not intended for internal use but is excellent for any external applications.
Properties: contains tannins which protect from irritation and reduce inflammation. Astringent, tonic, sedative.
Harvesting: Grows in zones 5-9 in full sun or light shade in moist soils with lots of leaf mold mulch. Plant in fall. Grows 10-15’ tall. Gather twigs and bark in spring or fall, leaves in summer or fall.
Wood Avens
Geum urbanum AKA Herb Bennet. Use to check bleeding and reduce inflammation, increase appetite, has tonic effect on digestive system and use for diarrhea, colic, stomachache. It cleanses out clotted blood in your body. Strengthening tea used to reduce fever. Has many properties of cinqfoils. Use picked fresh externally when outdoors and you cut or scrape yourself etc. Also used as a mouthwash. Root helps keeps moths away. Medieval pot herb and substitute for cloves (root). Young leaves were eaten in salads.
Instructions: Use in infusion.
Properties: Astringent, antiseptic.
Harvesting: Has tiny yellow buttercup-like flowers but with less shiny and more spaced petals and with long hairy bristles unlike the buttercup that turn into purple tinged fruits covered with hooked bristles. Grows in rich moist soil in shade like the creeping buttercup with similar but thinner and more pointed leaves.
Yarrow
Achillea millefolium. Use for severe colds or flu’s and high fever as it promotes perspiration, raises body temperature and opens pores. It also increases appetite, helps reduce effects of arthritis, reduces flatulence and stomach cramps, regulates bowel movements and inflammation of gastrointestinal tract especially when used with chamomile, a soothing and healing effect on mucous membranes. Also used for menstrual and menopausal problems as well as migraine headaches, Give infusion for children’s asthma and diarrhea. Helps to normalize blood pressure and equalize circulation. Use with peppermint, ginger, honey and lemon balm for good tasting flu/cold fighting, or try with peppermint, lemon balm, and elder flowers. Can be taken in tea as a diuretic to help aid in weight loss. Gargle for sore throats. Apply leaves locally for toothaches. Good for external use in a salve for first aid, nosebleeds, chicken pox and measles, as well as wounds. For measles use teas of elder flowers, yarrow, catnip, chamomile or rosemary, same for chicken pox but use ginger as well, also yarrow externally to all spots. For any itching skin use in bath, especially as a foot bath for aching feet. Use compress of fresh flowers on greasy skin. In medieval times yarrow was used by witches to invoke magic and by others later as a protection against magic. Ancient druids believed that an infusion of the flowers improved your psychic abilities.
Contradictions: Prolonged use of yarrow may cause allergic rashes and sensitivities that may increase with continued usage. Do not use too much at one time as it may result in dehydration. Excessive doses can induce a miscarriage.
Instructions: Use whole plant in salves and hot infusions, do not steep longer than 10 minutes as it becomes very bitter. For fevers steep longer and drink hot. Use 3-4 cups a day, one hour before meals and one before going to bed.
Properties: Aromatic bitter, adaptogen, anesthetic, antibacterial, anti-viral, astringent, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, stimulant, tonic, hypotensive, vulnerary, anti-microbial. Volatile oils, resins, tannins, alkaloids, salicylic acid.
Harvesting: Found in poor soil in waste places, dry areas, meadows, grows in full sun or partial shade, blooms May to Sept; invasive unless confined to a container. Attracts many beneficial insects including parasitic wasps and ladybugs. Helps neighboring plants resist disease and said to deepen the fragrance and flavor of nearby herbs. Has been used by humans since Neanderthal times - 60,000 years ago. Gather while in flower, hang in bunches to dry in a well ventilated area. When dried remove leaves and flowers from stock.
Yellow Dock
Rumen crispus -Can use Curled or Western Dock varieties. Contains bitters that stimulate digestive juices and enzymes and increase bile flow, thus enhancing appetite, assimilation, digestion and elimination, by promoting bile production it produces a natural laxative effect. It also cleanses and eliminates toxins from liver, blood, gallbladder and lymph system and improves skin, useful for jaundice, all diseases of the blood and skin, including eczema, psoriasis, and acne. Also benefits immune system and is a good cleansing herb that boosts iron absorption and is useful for anemia, nourishes spleen and liver. Other uses include: acne, anemia, boils, burns, cancer, constipation and diarrhea, hepatitis, menstrual complaints, sore throat, tumors and venereal diseases. Leaves can be rubbed on skin as a remedy for Stinging Nettles. Leaves may be used as a pot herb when picked in early spring and may be dried and used as a tobacco substitute. Seeds are high in fiber and are chemically useful for the cilia of the small intestine.
Contradictions: For use as food only the young leaves in spring should be picked as older leaves contain oxalic acid which can be toxic in large quantities and blocks the absorption of Calcium at high doses.
Instructions: Use root in decoction, 1 cup three times a day for acute conditions. Or use tincture of fresh root, 10-40 drops daily. Or boil it in vinegar until it becomes soft and mix with beeswax for a good external salve.
Properties: Laxative, alterative, mild nutritive tonic, hepatic, cholagogue.
Harvesting: European weed, grows in moist to wet places. Collect roots in March before the leaves develop. Cut and dry for use in decoctions or tincture it immediately.
Yucca
Yucca filamentosa Excellent blood purifier, good antiinflammatory herb for asthma, arthritis and rheumatism, colitis, joint pain and all other inflammatory diseases. Often used in pain relieving combinations for these diseases. Also used to establish flora balance in the gastrointestinal tract. Helps to break up inorganic mineral deposits in the body. Fruits are good source of food, Natives used to bake them or dry them for storage. Soap from yucca makes a good shampoo, used by Hopi Indians. Roots can be chopped and soaked in water to extract their soapy substance for washing. Or peel, add water and rub between hands.
Contradictions: The part which lathers up for soap is toxic and should not be used for food unless it is washed, parboiled, crushed etc. to get rid of the saponins.
Instructions: Use decoction of root, also fruits, seeds, flower stalks.
Harvesting: Very hardy plant, grows slowly, grow from division rather than seed. Grows under very hot, dry and sandy conditions, but also grows very well in average sites and even partial shade.
